{"items":[{"slug":"asthma","name":"Asthma","category":"Respiratory","cardDescription":"A long-term condition affecting the airways, with symptoms that can vary over time.","overview":"Asthma is a condition that affects the airways in the lungs. The airways can become inflamed and narrower, which may make breathing difficult. Experiences vary between people, and symptoms can change over time.","context":"People may encounter terms such as wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough in reliable asthma information. Only a qualified health professional can assess what symptoms mean for an individual.","whenToSeekHelp":"For urgent or severe difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical help now. For non-urgent questions or new, worsening, or persistent symptoms, contact a qualified healthcare professional.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Asthma","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"},{"label":"NHS — Asthma","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"type-2-diabetes","name":"Type 2 diabetes","category":"Metabolic","cardDescription":"A common form of diabetes involving how the body uses insulin and manages blood glucose.","overview":"Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the amount of glucose in the blood is too high. It is related to how the body makes or uses insulin. The details of the condition and its management are individual.","context":"General information may explain blood glucose, insulin, and how type 2 diabetes differs from other forms of diabetes. This guide cannot determine whether someone has diabetes.","whenToSeekHelp":"If you are concerned about symptoms or diabetes risk, speak with a healthcare professional. If someone becomes seriously unwell or loses consciousness, contact emergency services.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Type 2 diabetes","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"},{"label":"NHS — Type 2 diabetes","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"high-blood-pressure","name":"High blood pressure","category":"Heart & circulation","cardDescription":"Also called hypertension; blood pressure is persistently higher than health professionals consider typical.","overview":"High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, means blood pressure is consistently higher than recommended levels. It often has no noticeable symptoms, so measurement by an appropriate health service is important.","context":"A blood pressure reading needs to be interpreted in context. A single reading or an online guide is not enough to diagnose hypertension.","whenToSeekHelp":"Talk to a healthcare professional about readings or concerns. Seek emergency care for sudden severe symptoms such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, or signs of stroke.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — High blood pressure","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"},{"label":"NHS — High blood pressure","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"coronary-artery-disease","name":"Coronary artery disease","category":"Heart & circulation","cardDescription":"A condition involving narrowed or blocked arteries that supply the heart muscle.","overview":"Coronary artery disease happens when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. It is one form of heart disease, and only a healthcare professional can assess an individual’s symptoms and risk.","context":"Reputable references describe the heart, coronary arteries, and possible symptoms such as chest discomfort. Symptoms and risk vary; general information should not be used to self-diagnose.","whenToSeekHelp":"New or severe chest pain, especially with breathlessness, sweating, nausea, or faintness, can be an emergency. Call local emergency services rather than waiting for online guidance.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Coronary artery disease","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"},{"label":"CDC — Heart disease","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"depression","name":"Depression","category":"Mental wellbeing","cardDescription":"A common mental health condition that can affect mood, interest, energy, and daily life.","overview":"Depression is a mental health condition that can affect how a person feels, thinks, and manages daily activities. It is more than a passing low mood, and experiences differ from person to person.","context":"Reliable mental health resources can help explain symptoms, support options, and how to seek care. An online guide cannot assess mental health or provide a diagnosis.","whenToSeekHelp":"If you are struggling, consider contacting a healthcare professional or a trusted support service. If you may harm yourself or someone else, contact local emergency services or a crisis line immediately.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Depression","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"},{"label":"NIMH — Depression","url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"anxiety-disorders","name":"Anxiety disorders","category":"Mental wellbeing","cardDescription":"A group of conditions in which anxiety can persist and interfere with everyday life.","overview":"Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions involving persistent or intense anxiety that can interfere with daily life. Anxiety itself is a normal human response; patterns, impact, and support needs vary.","context":"Trusted resources describe different anxiety disorders and possible signs. This overview is not a screening tool and cannot tell whether someone has an anxiety disorder.","whenToSeekHelp":"A healthcare professional can discuss persistent distress and available support. If there is immediate danger or a risk of harm, contact emergency services or a local crisis service.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Anxiety","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"},{"label":"NIMH — Anxiety disorders","url":"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"migraine","name":"Migraine","category":"Neurological","cardDescription":"A neurological condition often associated with recurring headache and other symptoms.","overview":"Migraine is a neurological condition. Episodes can involve a moderate or severe headache and may also involve symptoms such as nausea or sensitivity to light and sound. Not everyone experiences it in the same way.","context":"A headache can have many causes. A new, sudden, unusually severe headache or a headache with other concerning symptoms needs prompt professional assessment.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek emergency help for a sudden severe headache, or headache with weakness, confusion, vision loss, trouble speaking, or other severe symptoms. A clinician can help assess recurring headaches.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Migraine","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"},{"label":"NHS — Migraine","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"arthritis","name":"Arthritis","category":"Musculoskeletal","cardDescription":"An umbrella term for conditions that affect joints and may cause pain or stiffness.","overview":"Arthritis refers to a range of conditions affecting joints. Different types have different causes and features; joint pain, swelling, and stiffness can have many explanations.","context":"Reliable information can help distinguish common arthritis terms, but symptoms alone cannot identify a specific cause or type. A health professional can assess concerns.","whenToSeekHelp":"Discuss persistent pain, stiffness, swelling, or reduced movement with a healthcare professional. Sudden severe symptoms, major injury, or a very hot swollen joint with fever need urgent assessment.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Arthritis","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"},{"label":"NHS — Arthritis","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"irritable-bowel-syndrome","name":"Irritable bowel syndrome","category":"Digestive","cardDescription":"A digestive condition that can involve recurring abdominal discomfort and changes in bowel habits.","overview":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a long-term digestive condition. It may involve abdominal pain or discomfort and changes in bowel habits. Symptoms can vary and may overlap with other conditions.","context":"A clinician can consider a person’s symptoms and whether other causes need to be checked. This guide cannot confirm IBS or rule out other conditions.","whenToSeekHelp":"Talk with a healthcare professional about persistent or changing digestive symptoms. Seek urgent care for severe sudden pain, blood in stool, fainting, or other acute severe symptoms.","sources":[{"label":"NHS — Irritable bowel syndrome","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/"},{"label":"NIDDK — Irritable bowel syndrome","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","name":"COPD","category":"Respiratory","cardDescription":"A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties and tend to progress over time.","overview":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties. COPD is long term, and symptoms and the course of the condition vary.","context":"Breathlessness and cough can have many causes. Assessment by a healthcare professional is needed to identify the cause and discuss appropriate care.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek emergency help for severe or rapidly worsening breathing difficulty. For ongoing cough or breathlessness, arrange professional assessment.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — COPD","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"},{"label":"NHS — COPD","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"osteoporosis","name":"Osteoporosis","category":"Musculoskeletal","cardDescription":"A condition that weakens bones and can make them more likely to break.","overview":"Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them more likely to break. It may not cause noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs.","context":"Information about bone health and osteoporosis risk should be discussed with a health professional in the context of individual history and needs.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek medical advice after a suspected fracture or for questions about bone health. Severe pain after an injury needs prompt assessment.","sources":[{"label":"MedlinePlus — Osteoporosis","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"},{"label":"NHS — Osteoporosis","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoporosis/"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":[],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"influenza","name":"Influenza","category":"Respiratory","cardDescription":"A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.","overview":"Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can range from mild to severe, and symptoms may overlap with other respiratory illnesses.","context":"A symptom list cannot identify which infection someone has. Public health agencies provide current, location-specific information on influenza and respiratory illness.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional if you are concerned, especially if symptoms are severe or you are at higher risk. Trouble breathing, persistent chest pain, confusion, or other emergency symptoms need emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About influenza","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/index.html"},{"label":"MedlinePlus — Flu","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["pigs","wild-birds","poultry"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Some influenza A viruses circulate in pigs or birds and can occasionally infect people after close exposure. Most seasonal flu spreads between people.","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"malaria","name":"Malaria","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A parasitic disease transmitted to people by infected Anopheles mosquitoes.","overview":"Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted to people mainly through bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and is most common in tropical and subtropical regions.","context":"Mosquito species, parasite species, and local risk vary by region. A general guide cannot assess a person’s travel exposure or symptoms.","whenToSeekHelp":"Fever during or after travel to a malaria-risk area needs prompt medical assessment. Tell a clinician about recent travel.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Malaria","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria"},{"label":"CDC — About malaria","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["anopheles-mosquito"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"dengue","name":"Dengue","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A viral infection spread mainly by infected Aedes mosquitoes in affected regions.","overview":"Dengue is a viral infection that is transmitted mainly through bites from infected Aedes mosquitoes. It occurs in many tropical and subtropical areas, and its symptoms can range from mild to severe.","context":"Risk depends on location and mosquito exposure. Many illnesses can cause fever, so symptoms alone cannot identify dengue.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek prompt medical advice for concerning illness after travel or residence in an area where dengue occurs. Severe symptoms need urgent care.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Dengue and severe dengue","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue"},{"label":"CDC — About dengue","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"west-nile-virus","name":"West Nile virus","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A virus maintained mainly in a bird–mosquito cycle; people are usually infected by mosquito bites.","overview":"West Nile virus is most often spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. Birds are important hosts in the natural transmission cycle; people and horses are generally incidental hosts.","context":"Most infected people do not develop symptoms, but illness can sometimes become severe. A mosquito bite alone does not show whether infection occurred.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional about concerning symptoms, particularly neurologic symptoms such as severe headache, confusion, weakness, or stiff neck.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About West Nile","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Bird species with West Nile virus detections, United States, 1999–2016","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/media/files/Bird_species_West_Nile_virus_U.S..pdf"},{"label":"CDC — West Nile virus","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito","wild-birds","bald-eagle","golden-eagle","wedge-tailed-eagle","american-crow","common-raven","blue-jay","stellers-jay","black-billed-magpie","yellow-billed-magpie","american-robin","house-sparrow","house-finch","american-goldfinch","northern-cardinal","northern-mockingbird","common-grackle","red-winged-blackbird","brown-headed-cowbird","european-starling","mourning-dove","rock-pigeon","red-tailed-hawk","red-shouldered-hawk","broad-winged-hawk","swainsons-hawk","rough-legged-hawk","ferruginous-hawk","coopers-hawk","sharp-shinned-hawk","american-kestrel","peregrine-falcon","merlin","gyrfalcon","prairie-falcon","osprey","turkey-vulture","black-vulture","california-condor","great-horned-owl","barred-owl","american-barn-owl","snowy-owl","great-grey-owl","long-eared-owl","short-eared-owl","burrowing-owl","eastern-screech-owl","western-screech-owl","northern-saw-whet-owl","mallard","canada-goose","snow-goose","cackling-goose","wood-duck","northern-pintail","ruddy-duck","common-merganser","bufflehead","canvasback","greater-scaup","lesser-scaup","mute-swan","tundra-swan","american-white-pelican","double-crested-cormorant","great-blue-heron","great-egret","snowy-egret","black-crowned-night-heron","green-heron","belted-kingfisher","american-coot","pied-billed-grebe"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Infected Culex mosquitoes are the route to people. Birds help maintain the virus in nature; people do not usually catch it directly from birds.","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"lyme-disease","name":"Lyme disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection transmitted through bites from certain infected blacklegged ticks.","overview":"Lyme disease is caused by bacteria and is transmitted to people through bites from infected blacklegged ticks. The relevant tick species and risk areas vary by region.","context":"Not every tick carries Lyme bacteria, and not every tick bite causes infection. A rash may not appear in every case.","whenToSeekHelp":"Ask a healthcare professional about a tick bite or possible symptoms, especially after time in an area where Lyme disease occurs.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About Lyme disease","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Tickborne diseases","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blacklegged-tick"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"rocky-mountain-spotted-fever","name":"Rocky Mountain spotted fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A serious bacterial illness spread by the bite of an infected tick.","overview":"Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a bacterial disease spread through bites from infected ticks. Despite its name, cases occur in several parts of the United States and the Americas.","context":"Symptoms can begin before a rash appears. A tick bite or lack of a rash cannot by itself confirm or rule out the illness.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek urgent medical care for a compatible illness after a possible tick exposure. Tell the clinician about the exposure and when it occurred.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About Rocky Mountain spotted fever","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Tickborne diseases","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"chagas-disease","name":"Chagas disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A parasitic infection associated with triatomine bugs in parts of the Americas.","overview":"Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. In many settings, the parasite is transmitted when infected triatomine bug feces contaminate a bite wound or the eyes or mouth.","context":"Other routes can include transmission from a pregnant person to a baby, contaminated food or drink, and rarely blood or organ donation. The route depends on context.","whenToSeekHelp":"A healthcare professional can advise about possible exposure, pregnancy-related concerns, or symptoms. Seek urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening illness.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About Chagas disease","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Chagas disease","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["triatomine-bugs"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"leishmaniasis","name":"Leishmaniasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A group of parasitic diseases transmitted through bites from infected sand flies.","overview":"Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted by infected female sand flies. Different forms affect the skin or internal organs.","context":"The disease occurs in specific parts of the world. Exposure risk depends on geography, travel, and the local parasite and sand-fly species.","whenToSeekHelp":"Discuss persistent skin sores or illness after travel to an affected area with a healthcare professional and mention the travel history.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis"},{"label":"CDC — Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/leishmaniasis/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["sand-flies"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"african-trypanosomiasis","name":"Human African trypanosomiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A parasitic disease, also called sleeping sickness, spread by infected tsetse flies.","overview":"Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma parasites and is transmitted by infected tsetse flies. It occurs in parts of sub-Saharan Africa.","context":"There are different forms of the disease, and the risk is geographically specific. A general guide cannot assess travel-related exposure.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek professional medical advice about a possible tsetse-fly exposure or compatible illness after travel in an affected area.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Human African trypanosomiasis","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trypanosomiasis-human-african-(sleeping-sickness)"},{"label":"CDC — African trypanosomiasis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["tsetse-flies"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"onchocerciasis","name":"Onchocerciasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A parasitic disease, also called river blindness, spread by infected blackflies.","overview":"Onchocerciasis is caused by a parasitic worm transmitted through repeated bites from infected blackflies. It occurs in certain areas, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.","context":"Exposure is linked to endemic regions, often near fast-flowing rivers. This overview cannot determine an individual’s risk.","whenToSeekHelp":"Ask a healthcare professional about relevant exposure or persistent skin or eye concerns after living in or visiting an affected area.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Onchocerciasis","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis"},{"label":"CDC — Onchocerciasis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/onchocerciasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blackflies"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"schistosomiasis","name":"Schistosomiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A parasitic infection acquired when larvae in contaminated freshwater penetrate the skin.","overview":"Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic worms. Freshwater snails host part of the parasite life cycle; people can become infected when larvae released into water penetrate the skin.","context":"The risk is tied to contact with contaminated freshwater in areas where the parasite occurs. Snail contact itself is not the usual route.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek medical advice after freshwater exposure in an affected area, particularly if symptoms develop. Share relevant travel and water-contact details.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/schistosomiasis/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"epidemic-typhus","name":"Epidemic typhus","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial disease spread by infected body lice in particular conditions.","overview":"Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. Infected body lice can spread the bacteria, often when infected louse feces enter broken skin or the eyes.","context":"It is uncommon in many settings today. Risk is associated with body-louse exposure and particular living conditions.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional about fever or illness after possible body-louse exposure, especially following travel or displacement.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About epidemic typhus","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/about/epidemic-typhus.html"},{"label":"CDC — About body lice","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/body-lice.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["body-lice"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"rabies","name":"Rabies","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A serious viral disease usually spread through the bite or scratch of an infected mammal.","overview":"Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system. It can spread to people when saliva from an infected mammal enters the body, usually through a bite or scratch.","context":"Animal species involved vary by region. Contact with a bat or any possible rabies exposure needs prompt advice from public-health or medical professionals.","whenToSeekHelp":"After a bite, scratch, or possible contact with a bat, wash the area and contact a healthcare professional or local public-health authority immediately. Do not wait for symptoms.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About rabies","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Rabies","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["bats","wild-rabies-mammals","dogs"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"plague","name":"Plague","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection associated with rodents and infected fleas in some regions.","overview":"Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. People can be infected through bites from infected fleas, contact with infected animals, or, in some forms, respiratory droplets from a person or animal with pneumonic plague.","context":"Plague occurs naturally in some animal populations and regions but is uncommon for most people. Local health departments provide current geographic guidance.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek urgent medical care for concerning illness after a possible flea bite, animal contact, or stay in an area where plague occurs.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About plague","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/plague/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Plague","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["fleas","rodents"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"hantavirus-infection","name":"Hantavirus infection","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"An infection associated with exposure to urine, droppings, or saliva from infected rodents.","overview":"Hantaviruses are carried by particular rodent species. People may become infected by breathing in particles from contaminated rodent urine, droppings, or saliva; routes and illnesses vary by virus and region.","context":"Not every rodent carries hantavirus. Exposure risk depends on the local species and contact with contaminated environments.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek urgent medical assessment for fever, muscle aches, or breathing problems after possible rodent exposure, and describe the exposure.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About hantavirus","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Hantavirus transmission","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/transmission.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["rodents"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"leptospirosis","name":"Leptospirosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection that can spread through water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine.","overview":"Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria. People can be exposed through water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals, including rodents and livestock.","context":"Exposure is more likely in some work, outdoor, flood, and travel settings. Many different illnesses can cause similar symptoms.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional about concerning symptoms after possible contaminated-water, soil, or animal exposure.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About leptospirosis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Leptospirosis: animals, including buffalo","url":"https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52531/cdc_52531_DS1.pdf"},{"label":"WHO — Leptospirosis","url":"https://www.who.int/health-topics/leptospirosis"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["rodents","cattle","dogs","water-buffalo"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"q-fever","name":"Q fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection most often associated with inhaling contaminated dust from infected livestock.","overview":"Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii. Cattle, sheep, and goats can carry the bacteria; people are often exposed by inhaling contaminated dust, especially around animal birth products.","context":"The bacteria can persist in the environment. Exposure patterns differ by work, location, and animal contact.","whenToSeekHelp":"Discuss fever or other concerning symptoms with a healthcare professional if you have had relevant livestock, farm, or animal-birth exposure.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About Q fever","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Q fever and animals","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/about/animals.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["cattle","sheep-and-goats","water-buffalo"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"brucellosis","name":"Brucellosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection linked to certain animals and unpasteurized dairy products.","overview":"Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria. People can be exposed through contact with infected animals or their tissues, or by consuming contaminated unpasteurized dairy products.","context":"Different Brucella species are associated with different animals. Risk varies by region, occupation, and food-safety practices.","whenToSeekHelp":"Discuss prolonged or recurring fever after relevant animal or unpasteurized-dairy exposure with a healthcare professional.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About brucellosis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Brucellosis","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/brucellosis"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["cattle","sheep-and-goats","pigs","water-buffalo","american-bison","african-buffalo","domestic-yak","gayal"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"salmonellosis","name":"Salmonellosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"An infection that can spread through contaminated food or contact with infected animals.","overview":"Salmonellosis is an illness caused by Salmonella bacteria. Food is a common source, and people can also be exposed through contact with animals or contaminated environments.","context":"Many animals can carry Salmonella without looking ill, including reptiles, amphibians, and poultry. Person-to-person spread can also occur.","whenToSeekHelp":"Ask a healthcare professional about severe or persistent diarrhea, signs of dehydration, or illness in someone at higher risk.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About Salmonella infection","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Reptiles and amphibians","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/reptiles-and-amphibians.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["reptiles-and-amphibians","poultry"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"avian-influenza","name":"Avian influenza","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Influenza viruses that naturally circulate among wild aquatic birds and can spread to other animals.","overview":"Avian influenza viruses are influenza A viruses that occur naturally in wild aquatic birds. Some can infect poultry and other animals, and human infections have occurred, usually after close exposure to infected animals.","context":"Human infection is uncommon, and risk depends on the virus and exposure. Most seasonal influenza spreads between people, not from birds.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact public-health or medical professionals promptly after a possible exposure to infected birds or animals and the onset of illness.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About bird flu","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/index.html"},{"label":"WHO — Avian influenza","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/avian-influenza"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["wild-birds","poultry"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"cat-scratch-disease","name":"Cat-scratch disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial infection that can follow a scratch or bite from a cat carrying Bartonella bacteria.","overview":"Cat-scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae bacteria. People can become infected after a scratch or bite from an infected cat, or when a cat licks an open wound.","context":"Not every cat carries the bacteria and not every scratch causes illness. Fleas help spread the bacteria among cats.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional about a concerning wound, fever, or swollen lymph nodes after a cat scratch or bite.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Cat-scratch disease","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/about/about-cat-scratch-disease.html"},{"label":"CDC — About Bartonella henselae","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["cats"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"toxoplasmosis","name":"Toxoplasmosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"An infection caused by a parasite that can spread through food, soil, or cat feces.","overview":"Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. People may be exposed through undercooked contaminated meat, contaminated soil or water, or contact with cat feces.","context":"The parasite can also pass from a pregnant person to a fetus. Risks and consequences depend on individual circumstances.","whenToSeekHelp":"Seek individualized medical advice if you are pregnant, have a weakened immune system, or are concerned about a possible exposure.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About toxoplasmosis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Preventing toxoplasmosis","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/prevention/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["cats"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"tularemia","name":"Tularemia","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A bacterial disease linked to wild animals and sometimes spread by ticks or deer flies.","overview":"Tularemia is caused by Francisella tularensis bacteria. People can be exposed through infected animals, insect bites, contaminated water or soil, or inhaling contaminated particles.","context":"Rabbits and hares are among the animals associated with tularemia. The route of exposure and risk vary by location.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional about fever, skin sores, or other concerning symptoms after a tick bite or wild-animal exposure.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — About tularemia","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/about/index.html"},{"label":"CDC — Tularemia transmission","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/about/transmission.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["rabbits-and-hares","other-ticks"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"mers","name":"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"A respiratory illness caused by a virus associated with dromedary camels.","overview":"MERS is caused by a coronavirus. Dromedary camels are an animal source of the virus, and some human cases have been linked to direct or indirect camel exposure.","context":"MERS is uncommon worldwide and is concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Human-to-human spread can occur, particularly in healthcare settings.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a healthcare professional or public-health authority about respiratory illness after relevant travel or camel exposure.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — MERS","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-(mers-cov)"},{"label":"CDC — About MERS","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["camels"],"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"chikungunya","name":"Chikungunya","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Chikungunya is a viral infection spread by infected Aedes mosquitoes; joint symptoms can persist after the initial illness.","overview":"Chikungunya is a viral infection spread by infected Aedes mosquitoes; joint symptoms can persist after the initial illness.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Chikungunya reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/causes-and-spread/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Chikungunya is a viral infection spread by infected Aedes mosquitoes; joint symptoms can persist after the initial illness.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"zika","name":"Zika virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Zika virus can spread through infected Aedes mosquito bites and can have serious consequences during pregnancy.","overview":"Zika virus can spread through infected Aedes mosquito bites and can have serious consequences during pregnancy.","context":"Sexual and pregnancy-related transmission are also documented; mosquito exposure is not the only route. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Zika virus disease reference","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Sexual and pregnancy-related transmission are also documented; mosquito exposure is not the only route.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"yellow-fever","name":"Yellow fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Yellow fever is a viral disease spread by infected mosquitoes in urban or forest transmission cycles.","overview":"Yellow fever is a viral disease spread by infected mosquitoes in urban or forest transmission cycles.","context":"Aedes, Haemagogus, and Sabethes mosquitoes are involved in different regions and cycles. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Yellow fever reference","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","forest-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Aedes, Haemagogus, and Sabethes mosquitoes are involved in different regions and cycles.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"japanese-encephalitis","name":"Japanese encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Japanese encephalitis virus circulates between mosquitoes and animal hosts; infected Culex mosquitoes can transmit it to people.","overview":"Japanese encephalitis virus circulates between mosquitoes and animal hosts; infected Culex mosquitoes can transmit it to people.","context":"Pigs and water birds participate in the natural cycle. Their presence alone does not establish a direct route to people. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — Japanese encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito","pigs","wild-birds"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Pigs and water birds participate in the natural cycle. Their presence alone does not establish a direct route to people.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"eastern-equine-encephalitis","name":"Eastern equine encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare viral infection acquired through infected mosquito bites that can cause serious neurologic illness.","overview":"Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare viral infection acquired through infected mosquito bites that can cause serious neurologic illness.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Eastern equine encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare viral infection acquired through infected mosquito bites that can cause serious neurologic illness.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"jamestown-canyon-virus-disease","name":"Jamestown Canyon virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Jamestown Canyon virus is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and can sometimes cause meningitis or encephalitis.","overview":"Jamestown Canyon virus is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and can sometimes cause meningitis or encephalitis.","context":"Several mosquito species can be involved; this entry does not assign one universal vector species. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Jamestown Canyon virus disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/jamestown-canyon/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Several mosquito species can be involved; this entry does not assign one universal vector species.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"la-crosse-encephalitis","name":"La Crosse encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"La Crosse virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and can cause encephalitis, particularly in children.","overview":"La Crosse virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and can cause encephalitis, particularly in children.","context":"The tree-hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus is important in the transmission cycle. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — La Crosse encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/la-crosse-encephalitis/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The tree-hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus is important in the transmission cycle.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"st-louis-encephalitis","name":"St. Louis encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"St. Louis encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection that can affect the nervous system.","overview":"St. Louis encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection that can affect the nervous system.","context":"The importance of individual Culex species varies by region. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — St. Louis encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/php/arbonet/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The importance of individual Culex species varies by region.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"onyong-nyong-fever","name":"O’nyong-nyong fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"O’nyong-nyong is a viral infection transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes in affected areas of Africa.","overview":"O’nyong-nyong is a viral infection transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes in affected areas of Africa.","context":"This is a separate infection from chikungunya; local vector species and exposure patterns differ. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"WHO — O’nyong-nyong fever reference","url":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["anopheles-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This is a separate infection from chikungunya; local vector species and exposure patterns differ.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"rift-valley-fever","name":"Rift Valley fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Rift Valley fever is a viral zoonosis acquired through infected mosquito bites or contact with infected animal blood or tissues.","overview":"Rift Valley fever is a viral zoonosis acquired through infected mosquito bites or contact with infected animal blood or tissues.","context":"Mosquito bites and livestock-contact exposures are different routes. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Rift Valley fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rift-valley-fever/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","culex-mosquito","cattle","sheep-and-goats"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Mosquito bites and livestock-contact exposures are different routes.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"lymphatic-filariasis","name":"Lymphatic filariasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Mosquito-transmitted filarial worms can damage lymphatic vessels and cause long-term swelling in lymphatic filariasis.","overview":"Mosquito-transmitted filarial worms can damage lymphatic vessels and cause long-term swelling in lymphatic filariasis.","context":"The mosquito genus and parasite species vary geographically; repeated exposure is relevant. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Lymphatic filariasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","anopheles-mosquito","culex-mosquito","other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The mosquito genus and parasite species vary geographically; repeated exposure is relevant.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"ross-river-virus-disease","name":"Ross River virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Ross River virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and can cause a febrile illness with joint pain.","overview":"Ross River virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and can cause a febrile illness with joint pain.","context":"Vector species and risk vary across Australia and nearby regions. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Ross River virus disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/ross-river-virus/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","culex-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Vector species and risk vary across Australia and nearby regions.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"murray-valley-encephalitis","name":"Murray Valley encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Murray Valley encephalitis virus circulates through mosquitoes and water birds and can cause severe human brain infection.","overview":"Murray Valley encephalitis virus circulates through mosquitoes and water birds and can cause severe human brain infection.","context":"People acquire infection from mosquito bites, not ordinarily by touching birds. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"Australian CDC — Murray Valley encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov.au/diseases/murray-valley-encephalitis-mve-virus-infection"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito","wild-birds"],"animalTransmissionNote":"People acquire infection from mosquito bites, not ordinarily by touching birds.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"human-dirofilariasis","name":"Human dirofilariasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Dirofilaria worms can reach people through infected mosquito bites; humans are usually incidental hosts.","overview":"Dirofilaria worms can reach people through infected mosquito bites; humans are usually incidental hosts.","context":"Animal hosts and vectors depend on the Dirofilaria species. This is not direct dog-to-human spread. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Human dirofilariasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/dirofilariasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","anopheles-mosquito","culex-mosquito","dogs"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Animal hosts and vectors depend on the Dirofilaria species. This is not direct dog-to-human spread.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"cache-valley-virus-disease","name":"Cache Valley virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Cache Valley virus is mosquito-borne; reported human illness is uncommon but can involve the nervous system.","overview":"Cache Valley virus is mosquito-borne; reported human illness is uncommon but can involve the nervous system.","context":"This entry uses a general mosquito category rather than asserting a single established human-bridging species. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Cache Valley virus disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/cache-valley/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This entry uses a general mosquito category rather than asserting a single established human-bridging species.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"barmah-forest-virus-disease","name":"Barmah Forest virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Barmah Forest virus is spread by infected mosquitoes in Australia and can cause joint pain, rash, and fatigue.","overview":"Barmah Forest virus is spread by infected mosquitoes in Australia and can cause joint pain, rash, and fatigue.","context":"Mosquito ecology and relevant species vary by setting. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"Queensland Health — Barmah Forest virus disease reference","url":"https://www.health.qld.gov.au/disease-control/conditions/barmah-forest-virus-arbovirus-infection"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["aedes-mosquito","culex-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Mosquito ecology and relevant species vary by setting.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"venezuelan-equine-encephalitis","name":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses can cause human illness after transmission by infected mosquitoes.","overview":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses can cause human illness after transmission by infected mosquitoes.","context":"Enzootic and epidemic transmission cycles differ by viral subtype; this link does not imply direct horse-to-human transmission. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Venezuelan equine encephalitis reference","url":"https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/14/24-0182_article"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Enzootic and epidemic transmission cycles differ by viral subtype; this link does not imply direct horse-to-human transmission.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"western-equine-encephalitis","name":"Western equine encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Western equine encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection that can cause inflammation of the brain.","overview":"Western equine encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral infection that can cause inflammation of the brain.","context":"The absence of recent cases in one region does not establish absence of risk worldwide. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Western equine encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/wee/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The absence of recent cases in one region does not establish absence of risk worldwide.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"mayaro-fever","name":"Mayaro fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Mayaro virus is transmitted through infected forest mosquitoes and can cause fever and prolonged joint symptoms.","overview":"Mayaro virus is transmitted through infected forest mosquitoes and can cause fever and prolonged joint symptoms.","context":"Haemagogus mosquitoes participate in the forest cycle; an urban transmission cycle is not assumed. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Mayaro fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/mayaro-virus/data-maps/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["forest-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Haemagogus mosquitoes participate in the forest cycle; an urban transmission cycle is not assumed.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"sindbis-fever","name":"Sindbis fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Sindbis virus can cause a rash-and-joint-pain illness acquired through infected mosquito bites.","overview":"Sindbis virus can cause a rash-and-joint-pain illness acquired through infected mosquito bites.","context":"Mosquito species and local bird–mosquito cycles vary across affected regions. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"ECDC — Sindbis fever reference","url":"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/sindbis-fever/facts"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["culex-mosquito","other-mosquitoes"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Mosquito species and local bird–mosquito cycles vary across affected regions.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"anaplasmosis","name":"Anaplasmosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Anaplasmosis is a bacterial infection transmitted to people by infected blacklegged ticks.","overview":"Anaplasmosis is a bacterial infection transmitted to people by infected blacklegged ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Anaplasmosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blacklegged-tick"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Anaplasmosis is a bacterial infection transmitted to people by infected blacklegged ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"babesiosis","name":"Babesiosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Babesia parasites infect red blood cells and are often transmitted by infected blacklegged ticks.","overview":"Babesia parasites infect red blood cells and are often transmitted by infected blacklegged ticks.","context":"Blood transfusion and pregnancy-related transmission are also documented routes. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Babesiosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blacklegged-tick"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Blood transfusion and pregnancy-related transmission are also documented routes.","agentClass":"protozoan","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"colorado-tick-fever","name":"Colorado tick fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Colorado tick fever is a viral illness transmitted by infected Rocky Mountain wood ticks.","overview":"Colorado tick fever is a viral illness transmitted by infected Rocky Mountain wood ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Colorado tick fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Colorado tick fever is a viral illness transmitted by infected Rocky Mountain wood ticks.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"human-monocytic-ehrlichiosis","name":"Human monocytic ehrlichiosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes a bacterial illness transmitted primarily by infected lone star ticks.","overview":"Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes a bacterial illness transmitted primarily by infected lone star ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Human monocytic ehrlichiosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6502a1.htm"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["lone-star-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes a bacterial illness transmitted primarily by infected lone star ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"ehrlichia-ewingii-ehrlichiosis","name":"Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Ehrlichia ewingii is a distinct bacterial cause of human ehrlichiosis associated with infected lone star ticks.","overview":"Ehrlichia ewingii is a distinct bacterial cause of human ehrlichiosis associated with infected lone star ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6502a1.htm"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["lone-star-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Ehrlichia ewingii is a distinct bacterial cause of human ehrlichiosis associated with infected lone star ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"heartland-virus-disease","name":"Heartland virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Heartland virus is associated with lone star ticks and can cause a serious febrile illness.","overview":"Heartland virus is associated with lone star ticks and can cause a serious febrile illness.","context":"Evidence supports tick-associated transmission, but its epidemiology is less fully characterized than common tickborne infections. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Heartland virus disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["lone-star-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Evidence supports tick-associated transmission, but its epidemiology is less fully characterized than common tickborne infections.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"borrelia-miyamotoi-disease","name":"Hard-tick relapsing fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Borrelia miyamotoi causes hard-tick relapsing fever and is transmitted by infected Ixodes ticks.","overview":"Borrelia miyamotoi causes hard-tick relapsing fever and is transmitted by infected Ixodes ticks.","context":"This infection is distinct from Lyme disease and from soft-tick relapsing fever. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Hard-tick relapsing fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blacklegged-tick"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This infection is distinct from Lyme disease and from soft-tick relapsing fever.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"soft-tick-relapsing-fever","name":"Soft-tick relapsing fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Relapsing-fever Borrelia bacteria can be transmitted by infected soft ticks, often during brief nocturnal feeding.","overview":"Relapsing-fever Borrelia bacteria can be transmitted by infected soft ticks, often during brief nocturnal feeding.","context":"The Borrelia and Ornithodoros species involved depend on geography. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Soft-tick relapsing fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["soft-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The Borrelia and Ornithodoros species involved depend on geography.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"powassan-virus-disease","name":"Powassan virus disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Powassan virus is transmitted by infected ticks and can sometimes cause meningitis or encephalitis.","overview":"Powassan virus is transmitted by infected ticks and can sometimes cause meningitis or encephalitis.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Powassan virus disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["blacklegged-tick","other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Powassan virus is transmitted by infected ticks and can sometimes cause meningitis or encephalitis.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"rickettsia-parkeri-rickettsiosis","name":"Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"This spotted-fever-group bacterial infection is transmitted by infected Gulf Coast ticks.","overview":"This spotted-fever-group bacterial infection is transmitted by infected Gulf Coast ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/other-spotted-fever/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This spotted-fever-group bacterial infection is transmitted by infected Gulf Coast ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"364d-rickettsiosis","name":"Pacific Coast tick fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Pacific Coast tick fever, also called 364D rickettsiosis, is associated with infected Pacific Coast ticks.","overview":"Pacific Coast tick fever, also called 364D rickettsiosis, is associated with infected Pacific Coast ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Pacific Coast tick fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/other-spotted-fever/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Pacific Coast tick fever, also called 364D rickettsiosis, is associated with infected Pacific Coast ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"tick-borne-encephalitis","name":"Tick-borne encephalitis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus is primarily transmitted by infected Ixodes ticks in affected parts of Europe and Asia.","overview":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus is primarily transmitted by infected Ixodes ticks in affected parts of Europe and Asia.","context":"Unpasteurized dairy from infected livestock can also transmit the virus in some settings. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Tick-borne encephalitis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["eurasian-ixodes-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Unpasteurized dairy from infected livestock can also transmit the virus in some settings.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever","name":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can reach people through infected ticks or contact with infected animal blood and tissues.","overview":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can reach people through infected ticks or contact with infected animal blood and tissues.","context":"Human-to-human exposure to infected body fluids is also documented; these routes are not interchangeable. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks","cattle","sheep-and-goats"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Human-to-human exposure to infected body fluids is also documented; these routes are not interchangeable.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"kyasanur-forest-disease","name":"Kyasanur Forest disease","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Kyasanur Forest disease is a tick-associated viral illness occurring in affected forest regions of India.","overview":"Kyasanur Forest disease is a tick-associated viral illness occurring in affected forest regions of India.","context":"Relevant tick species include Haemaphysalis spinigera; other animal exposures require case-specific assessment. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Kyasanur Forest disease reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Relevant tick species include Haemaphysalis spinigera; other animal exposures require case-specific assessment.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"omsk-hemorrhagic-fever","name":"Omsk hemorrhagic fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Omsk hemorrhagic fever is a regional viral disease linked to infected ticks and contact with infected muskrats.","overview":"Omsk hemorrhagic fever is a regional viral disease linked to infected ticks and contact with infected muskrats.","context":"The implicated ticks, mammals, and exposure patterns are geographically specific. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Omsk hemorrhagic fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/media/pdfs/2024/05/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks","rodents"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The implicated ticks, mammals, and exposure patterns are geographically specific.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"african-tick-bite-fever","name":"African tick-bite fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Rickettsia africae causes African tick-bite fever and is transmitted by infected Amblyomma ticks.","overview":"Rickettsia africae causes African tick-bite fever and is transmitted by infected Amblyomma ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — African tick-bite fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Rickettsia africae causes African tick-bite fever and is transmitted by infected Amblyomma ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"mediterranean-spotted-fever","name":"Mediterranean spotted fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Mediterranean spotted fever is a Rickettsia conorii infection associated with infected brown dog ticks.","overview":"Mediterranean spotted fever is a Rickettsia conorii infection associated with infected brown dog ticks.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Mediterranean spotted fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Mediterranean spotted fever is a Rickettsia conorii infection associated with infected brown dog ticks.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"japanese-spotted-fever","name":"Japanese spotted fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Rickettsia japonica causes Japanese spotted fever and is transmitted through infected hard ticks.","overview":"Rickettsia japonica causes Japanese spotted fever and is transmitted through infected hard ticks.","context":"Several regional tick species may be involved; this record does not select one universal vector. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Japanese spotted fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Several regional tick species may be involved; this record does not select one universal vector.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"siberian-tick-typhus","name":"Siberian tick typhus","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Siberian tick typhus is a spotted-fever rickettsiosis transmitted by infected ticks in parts of northern Asia.","overview":"Siberian tick typhus is a spotted-fever rickettsiosis transmitted by infected ticks in parts of northern Asia.","context":"Also called North Asian tick typhus; vector species and terminology vary by region. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Siberian tick typhus reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["other-ticks"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Also called North Asian tick typhus; vector species and terminology vary by region.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"scrub-typhus","name":"Scrub typhus","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia bacteria transmitted by infected larval trombiculid mites, commonly called chiggers.","overview":"Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia bacteria transmitted by infected larval trombiculid mites, commonly called chiggers.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Scrub typhus reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["chigger-mites"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia bacteria transmitted by infected larval trombiculid mites, commonly called chiggers.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"rickettsialpox","name":"Rickettsialpox","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Rickettsialpox is a bacterial infection transmitted through bites from infected house-mouse mites.","overview":"Rickettsialpox is a bacterial infection transmitted through bites from infected house-mouse mites.","context":"The exposure route is the mite bite, not ordinary direct contact with a mouse. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Rickettsialpox reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/other-spotted-fever/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["mouse-mites"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The exposure route is the mite bite, not ordinary direct contact with a mouse.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"flea-borne-typhus","name":"Flea-borne typhus","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Flea-borne or murine typhus can occur when infected flea feces enter damaged skin or other susceptible tissue.","overview":"Flea-borne or murine typhus can occur when infected flea feces enter damaged skin or other susceptible tissue.","context":"This is distinct from body-louse-associated epidemic typhus. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Flea-borne typhus reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/about/murine.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["fleas","rodents"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This is distinct from body-louse-associated epidemic typhus.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"flea-borne-spotted-fever","name":"Flea-borne spotted fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Rickettsia felis infection is documented in people and associated with infected fleas.","overview":"Rickettsia felis infection is documented in people and associated with infected fleas.","context":"The exact route by which Rickettsia felis enters people is not completely resolved; a specific bite or fecal route is not asserted. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Flea-borne spotted fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["fleas"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The exact route by which Rickettsia felis enters people is not completely resolved; a specific bite or fecal route is not asserted.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"bartonella-quintana-infection","name":"Bartonella quintana infection","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Bartonella quintana, associated with trench fever, is transmitted through infected human body lice and their feces.","overview":"Bartonella quintana, associated with trench fever, is transmitted through infected human body lice and their feces.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Bartonella quintana infection reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/about/about-bartonella-quintana.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["body-lice"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Bartonella quintana, associated with trench fever, is transmitted through infected human body lice and their feces.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"south-american-bartonellosis","name":"South American bartonellosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Bartonella bacilliformis infection is spread by infected sand flies and can cause Oroya fever or verruga peruana.","overview":"Bartonella bacilliformis infection is spread by infected sand flies and can cause Oroya fever or verruga peruana.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — South American bartonellosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/about/about-bartonella-bacilliformis.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["sand-flies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Bartonella bacilliformis infection is spread by infected sand flies and can cause Oroya fever or verruga peruana.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"louse-borne-relapsing-fever","name":"Louse-borne relapsing fever","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Borrelia recurrentis causes louse-borne relapsing fever, an infection associated primarily with human body lice.","overview":"Borrelia recurrentis causes louse-borne relapsing fever, an infection associated primarily with human body lice.","context":"This is separate from epidemic typhus and tick-associated relapsing fevers. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Louse-borne relapsing fever reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/about/about-lbrf.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["body-lice"],"animalTransmissionNote":"This is separate from epidemic typhus and tick-associated relapsing fevers.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"oropouche","name":"Oropouche","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Oropouche virus is primarily spread by infected biting midges and causes a febrile illness.","overview":"Oropouche virus is primarily spread by infected biting midges and causes a febrile illness.","context":"Certain mosquito species and other routes have also been investigated; the principal midge association is shown here. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Oropouche reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/oropouche/causes/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["biting-midges"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Certain mosquito species and other routes have also been investigated; the principal midge association is shown here.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"loiasis","name":"Loiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Loa loa worms are transmitted through repeated bites from infected deerflies in affected areas of West and Central Africa.","overview":"Loa loa worms are transmitted through repeated bites from infected deerflies in affected areas of West and Central Africa.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Loiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/loiasis.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["deerflies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Loa loa worms are transmitted through repeated bites from infected deerflies in affected areas of West and Central Africa.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"mansonellosis","name":"Mansonellosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Mansonella worms are transmitted by biting midges, or by blackflies for some parasite species and locations.","overview":"Mansonella worms are transmitted by biting midges, or by blackflies for some parasite species and locations.","context":"Blackfly transmission applies particularly to Mansonella ozzardi in some regions; it is not universal across Mansonella species. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Mansonellosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/mansonellosis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["biting-midges","blackflies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Blackfly transmission applies particularly to Mansonella ozzardi in some regions; it is not universal across Mansonella species.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"toscana-virus-infection","name":"Toscana virus infection","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Toscana virus is transmitted by infected sand flies and can cause meningitis or encephalitis in affected Mediterranean settings.","overview":"Toscana virus is transmitted by infected sand flies and can cause meningitis or encephalitis in affected Mediterranean settings.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"ECDC — Toscana virus infection reference","url":"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/toscana-virus-infection"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["sand-flies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Toscana virus is transmitted by infected sand flies and can cause meningitis or encephalitis in affected Mediterranean settings.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"sandfly-fever-naples","name":"Sandfly fever Naples virus infection","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Naples phlebovirus is associated with sand flies and human sandfly-fever infections in affected regions.","overview":"Naples phlebovirus is associated with sand flies and human sandfly-fever infections in affected regions.","context":"Species-level vector associations and local clinical patterns vary; this is not an estimate of current disease burden. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"ECDC — Sandfly fever Naples virus infection reference","url":"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/facts/phlebotomine-sand-flies"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["sand-flies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Species-level vector associations and local clinical patterns vary; this is not an estimate of current disease burden.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"sandfly-fever-sicilian","name":"Sandfly fever Sicilian virus infection","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Sicilian phlebovirus is associated with sand flies and human sandfly-fever infections in affected regions.","overview":"Sicilian phlebovirus is associated with sand flies and human sandfly-fever infections in affected regions.","context":"Species-level vector associations and local clinical patterns vary; this is not an estimate of current disease burden. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"ECDC — Sandfly fever Sicilian virus infection reference","url":"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/facts/phlebotomine-sand-flies"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["sand-flies"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Species-level vector associations and local clinical patterns vary; this is not an estimate of current disease burden.","agentClass":"virus","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"clonorchiasis","name":"Clonorchiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Clonorchis liver flukes use snails and freshwater fish in their life cycle; people acquire infection by eating infected raw or undercooked fish.","overview":"Clonorchis liver flukes use snails and freshwater fish in their life cycle; people acquire infection by eating infected raw or undercooked fish.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Clonorchiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/clonorchiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","freshwater-fish"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Clonorchis liver flukes use snails and freshwater fish in their life cycle; people acquire infection by eating infected raw or undercooked fish.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"opisthorchiasis","name":"Opisthorchiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Opisthorchis liver flukes use snails and fish as intermediate hosts; infected raw or undercooked fish can transmit the parasite to people.","overview":"Opisthorchis liver flukes use snails and fish as intermediate hosts; infected raw or undercooked fish can transmit the parasite to people.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Opisthorchiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/opisthorchiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","freshwater-fish"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Opisthorchis liver flukes use snails and fish as intermediate hosts; infected raw or undercooked fish can transmit the parasite to people.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"fascioliasis","name":"Fascioliasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Fasciola liver flukes use freshwater snails in their life cycle; people often acquire infection from contaminated raw aquatic plants.","overview":"Fasciola liver flukes use freshwater snails in their life cycle; people often acquire infection from contaminated raw aquatic plants.","context":"Livestock can be definitive hosts. Ordinary snail contact is not the usual human exposure route. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Fascioliasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/fascioliasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","cattle","sheep-and-goats"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Livestock can be definitive hosts. Ordinary snail contact is not the usual human exposure route.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"paragonimiasis","name":"Paragonimiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Paragonimus lung flukes can infect people who eat raw or undercooked infected freshwater crabs or crayfish.","overview":"Paragonimus lung flukes can infect people who eat raw or undercooked infected freshwater crabs or crayfish.","context":"Snails and crustaceans are distinct intermediate stages in the parasite life cycle. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Paragonimiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/paragonimiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","freshwater-crustaceans"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Snails and crustaceans are distinct intermediate stages in the parasite life cycle.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"metagonimiasis","name":"Metagonimiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Metagonimus intestinal flukes use snail and fish hosts; people acquire infection by eating infected fish that has not been adequately cooked.","overview":"Metagonimus intestinal flukes use snail and fish hosts; people acquire infection by eating infected fish that has not been adequately cooked.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Metagonimiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/metagonimiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","freshwater-fish"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Metagonimus intestinal flukes use snail and fish hosts; people acquire infection by eating infected fish that has not been adequately cooked.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"heterophyiasis","name":"Heterophyiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Heterophyes intestinal flukes pass through snail and fish hosts; infected fish is the usual foodborne route to people.","overview":"Heterophyes intestinal flukes pass through snail and fish hosts; infected fish is the usual foodborne route to people.","context":"Relevant snails and fish can inhabit fresh or brackish water; species depend on location. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Heterophyiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/heterophyiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","freshwater-fish"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Relevant snails and fish can inhabit fresh or brackish water; species depend on location.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"echinostomiasis","name":"Echinostomiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Echinostome intestinal flukes have multi-host life cycles, and people can acquire infection by ingesting infected aquatic intermediate hosts.","overview":"Echinostome intestinal flukes have multi-host life cycles, and people can acquire infection by ingesting infected aquatic intermediate hosts.","context":"The second intermediate host varies by parasite; a snail can participate in more than one life-cycle stage. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Echinostomiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/echinostomiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The second intermediate host varies by parasite; a snail can participate in more than one life-cycle stage.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"fasciolopsiasis","name":"Fasciolopsiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Fasciolopsis intestinal flukes develop through freshwater snails; people acquire infection from contaminated raw aquatic plants.","overview":"Fasciolopsis intestinal flukes develop through freshwater snails; people acquire infection from contaminated raw aquatic plants.","context":"Humans and pigs can be definitive hosts; the plant carries the infective stage. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Fasciolopsiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/fasciolopsiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["freshwater-snails","pigs"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Humans and pigs can be definitive hosts; the plant carries the infective stage.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"dracunculiasis","name":"Dracunculiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Guinea worm infection is classically acquired by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods infected with Dracunculus larvae.","overview":"Guinea worm infection is classically acquired by drinking unfiltered water containing copepods infected with Dracunculus larvae.","context":"The copepod is an intermediate host swallowed in water, not a biting vector. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Dracunculiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/dracunculiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["copepods"],"animalTransmissionNote":"The copepod is an intermediate host swallowed in water, not a biting vector.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"gnathostomiasis","name":"Gnathostomiasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Gnathostoma worms can reach people through raw or undercooked infected intermediate or transport hosts, including fish.","overview":"Gnathostoma worms can reach people through raw or undercooked infected intermediate or transport hosts, including fish.","context":"Copepods are an earlier life-cycle host. Human infection from drinking copepod-containing water is not clearly established. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Gnathostomiasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/gnathostomiasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["copepods","freshwater-fish","reptiles-and-amphibians"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Copepods are an earlier life-cycle host. Human infection from drinking copepod-containing water is not clearly established.","agentClass":"worm","animalAssociationRoles":{"reptiles-and-amphibians":"Intermediate host"},"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"diphyllobothriasis","name":"Diphyllobothriasis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Fish tapeworm infection follows ingestion of infected raw or undercooked fish after a crustacean-to-fish life cycle.","overview":"Fish tapeworm infection follows ingestion of infected raw or undercooked fish after a crustacean-to-fish life cycle.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Diphyllobothriasis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diphyllobothriasis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["copepods","freshwater-fish"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Fish tapeworm infection follows ingestion of infected raw or undercooked fish after a crustacean-to-fish life cycle.","agentClass":"worm","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"sparganosis","name":"Sparganosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Sparganum larvae can infect people through water containing infected copepods or through infected animal tissues.","overview":"Sparganum larvae can infect people through water containing infected copepods or through infected animal tissues.","context":"Intermediate and transport hosts differ by parasite and region. This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Sparganosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/sparganosis/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["copepods","reptiles-and-amphibians"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Intermediate and transport hosts differ by parasite and region.","agentClass":"worm","animalAssociationRoles":{"reptiles-and-amphibians":"Intermediate host"},"geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}},{"slug":"psittacosis","name":"Psittacosis","category":"Infectious","cardDescription":"Chlamydia psittaci can infect people who breathe dust contaminated by secretions or droppings from infected birds.","overview":"Chlamydia psittaci can infect people who breathe dust contaminated by secretions or droppings from infected birds.","context":"This is a concise educational reference, not a complete clinical guide. Risk depends on the organism, region, and exposure. A listed animal does not mean that every animal carries the infection.","whenToSeekHelp":"Contact a qualified healthcare professional promptly after a concerning animal exposure, or for new or persistent illness after relevant travel, bites, food, or water exposure. Do not wait for online guidance after a potentially serious bite or scratch. Severe breathing difficulty, confusion, fainting, or rapidly worsening illness needs emergency care.","sources":[{"label":"CDC — Psittacosis reference","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/psittacosis/about/index.html"}],"animalAssociationSlugs":["wild-birds","poultry"],"animalTransmissionNote":"Chlamydia psittaci can infect people who breathe dust contaminated by secretions or droppings from infected birds.","agentClass":"bacterium","geography":{"mode":"unmapped","summary":"A verified geographic profile has not yet been added for this entry.","scope":"No highlighted region means unreviewed geography, not absence of this condition or animal. This globe does not show live cases or individual sightings.","regions":[],"sources":[]}}],"total":135,"limit":100,"offset":0}